浙东南山区高速滑坡形成原因和致灾方式研究     

王一鸣  陈明东 《地质灾害与环境保护》2011,22(4):29-34

为加强浙东南山区滑坡灾害防治工作,在分析该区山外高速滑坡和南充高速滑坡的物质结构和和运动特征的基础上,总结该区高速滑坡的形成原因、致灾原因和致灾方式.高陡原始地形伴随人工切坡,岩体超深风化,台风引起超强降雨.以及峰残强度降差形成滑坡;高速和远程是致灾的主要原因;致灾方式包括堆积掩理、抛洒冲击和气浪推掀.  相似文献   

北京市地面塌陷特征与致灾因子分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白凌燕  何静  王继明 《地质灾害与环境保护》2011,22(4):41-45,49

年北京地面塌陷呈波动式上升趋势,威胁严重.在讨论其孕灾环境和时空分布特征的基础上,分析引起地面塌陷的因素.研究把此区地面塌陷分为采矿地面塌陷和工程地面塌陷两种类型.采矿地面塌陷主要分布于西山门头沟,致灾因子包括开采深度、矿体倾角、降雨、和大量疏排水.工程地面塌陷主要分布于城区,致灾因子包括管线渗漏与侵蚀、地下水过度开采...  相似文献   

秦皇岛市地质灾害土地资源易损性评价     

郝文辉  贡长青  王伟  孙娟  任改娟 《地质灾害与环境保护》2011,22(3):56-60

旨在为秦皇岛市地质灾害风险区划提供依据,提出地质灾害土地资源易损性的综合评价方法.在充分论证评价因子的基础上,对2008年秦皇岛市地质灾害土地资源易损性进行综合评价和区划.  相似文献   

综合超前地质灾害预报方法在岚谷斜井隧道工程中的应用     

王孝平 《地质灾害与环境保护》2011,22(4):78-82

在探讨6种隧道地质超前预报方法的基础上,综合应用TGP206、地质雷达和红外探水法,预报岚谷斜井隧道工程中的不良地质.结果表明,综合隧道地质预报方法,能提高预测的准确性和精度,能有效地减少事故,确保施工安全.  相似文献   

淮安市垃圾填埋场地质特征及其防渗评价     

汪名鹏 《岩土工程技术》2011,25(2):106-108,F0003

正确分析评价垃圾填埋场的地质特征和防渗方案,对垃圾填埋场的选址、设计以及施工运营极为重要。从自然环境、地层结构及岩性特征等方面阐述了淮安市某垃圾填埋场的地质特征,分析了填埋区含水层分布、厚度、赋水性等水文地质条件;结合室内试验和野外试验,综合确定了填埋区岩土层渗透系数大于1×10^-7cm／s,表明填埋区不具备天然防渗的条件,需采用人工防渗系统才能有效的阻滞垃圾渗滤液对周边环境的影响。  相似文献   

U–Pb and Hf isotopic study of zircons from migmatised amphibolites in the Cathaysia Block: Implications for the early Paleozoic peak tectonothermal event in Southeastern China     

Long-Ming Li  Min Sun  Yuejun Wang  Guangfu Xing  Guochun Zhao  Shoufa Lin  Xiaoping Xia  Lungsang Chan  Feifei Zhang  Jean Wong 《Gondwana Research》2011,19(1):191-201

Amphibolites occur in a number of localities in the Cathaysia Block, some of them have been migmatised and their protoliths represent basaltic magmas erupted in various tectonic settings. Four migmatised amphibolites were collected from Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces. Cathodo-luminescence images of zircons extracted from the representative amphibolites show unzoned or sector-zoned structure. LA-ICP-MS analysis indicates that most zircons have high Th/U ratios and yield U–Pb zircon ages of 446 ± 5, 435 ± 2, 434 ± 4 and 423 ± 2 Ma, respectively. Lu–Hf isotopic analysis on these zircons gives Hf model ages ranging from 900 to 1200 Ma. Based on lithological observations and previously published geochronological data, we interpret that these U–Pb ages record an important tectonothermal event that led to the migmatization. This early Paleozoic (Caledonian) tectonothermal event in the Southeastern China has a great tectonic implication for the evolutionary history of the Cathaysia Block.  相似文献   

Late Devonian OIB alkaline gabbro in the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone: Remnants of the Paleo-Tethys?     

Jingen Dai  Chengshan Wang  Réjean Hébert  Yalin Li  Hanting Zhong  Raoult Guillaume  Rachel Bezard  Yushuai Wei 《Gondwana Research》2011,19(1):232-243

The Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) is believed to be composed of material largely derived from the destruction of the Neo-Tethys that occurred from early Mesozoic to early Cenozoic. We report here geochronological and petrological data obtained for newly discovered alkaline gabbro blocks embedded in a mélange zone of the western YZSZ. Single zircon U–Pb analyses from one representative gabbro sample by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) yielded a combined crystallization age of about 363.7 ± 1.7 Ma (1σ). In situ Hf isotopic analyses yielded ε_Hf(t) values of + 2.6 to + 5.5, suggesting an enriched mantle source. All of the gabbro samples show typical Ocean Island Basalt (OIB) affinity with little or no continental crust contamination. They also display strong geochemical similarities with the Hawaii basalts and the Xigaze seamount basalts suggestive of their intra-oceanic setting. These observations, in combination with the Early Carboniferous layered gabbros reported at Luobusa, indicate that these rocks could represent remnants of the Paleo-Tethys. We propose that a branch ocean separating the Western Qiangtang terrane and the Lhasa terrane from the Gondwana continent might have been present during the Late Devonian and the Early Carboniferous, providing new constrains on the configuration of Paleo-Tethys in Tibetan Plateau during early Late Paleozoic.  相似文献   

Source characteristics of the Yutian earthquake in 2008 from inversion of the co-seismic deformation field mapped by InSAR     

Xinjian Shan  Guohong Zhang  Chisheng Wang  Chunyan Qu  Xiaogang Song  Guifang Zhang  Liming Guo 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(4):935-942

On 21 March 2008, an Ms7.3 earthquake occurred at Yutian County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, which is in the same year as 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. These two earthquakes both took place in the Bayar Har block, while Yutian earthquake is located in the west edge and Wenchuan earthquake is in the east. The research on source characteristics of Yutian earthquake can serve to better understand Wenchuan earthquake mechanism. We attempt to reveal the features of the causative fault of Yutian shock and its co-seismic deformation field by a sensitivity-based iterative fitting (SBIF) method. Our work is based on analysis and interpretation to high-resolution satellite (Quickbird) images as well as D-InSAR data from the satellite Envisat ASAR, in conjunction with the analysis of seismicity, focal mechanism solutions and active tectonics in this region. The result shows that the 22 km long, nearly NS trending surface rupture zone by this event lies on a range-front alluvial platform in the Qira County. It is characterized by distinct linear traces and a simple structure with 1–3 m-wide individual seams and maximum 6.5 m width of a collapse fracture. Along the rupture zone are seen many secondary fractures and fault-bounded blocks by collapse, exhibiting remarkable extension. The co-seismic deformation affected a big range 100 km × 40 km. D-InSAR analysis indicates that the interferometric deformation field is dominated by extensional faulting with a small strike-slip component. Along the causative fault, the western wall fell down and the eastern wall, that is the active unit, rose up, both with westerly vergence. The maximum subsidence displacement is ～2.6 m in the LOS, and the maximum uplift is 1.2 m. The maximum relative vertical dislocation reaches 4.1 m, which is 10 km distant from the starting rupture point to south. The 42 km-long seismogenic fault in the subsurface extends in NS direction as an arc, and it dipping angle changes from 70° near the surface to 52° at depth ～10 km. The slip on the fault plane is concentrated in the depth range 0–8 km, forming a belt of length 30 km along strike on the fault plane. There are three areas of concentrating slip, in which the largest slip is 10.5 m located at the area 10 km distant from the initial point of the rupture.  相似文献   

Continual erosion of bare rocks after the Wenchuan earthquake and control strategies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhaoyin Wang  Wenjing Shi  Dandan Liu 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(4):915-925

The newly bared rocks created by the Wenchuan earthquake are undergoing continual intensive erosion in the form of detachment and movement of individual grains. Grain erosion is defined as the phenomenon of breaking down bare rocks under the action of insolation and temperature change, detachment of grains from the rockwalls by wind, flow down of grains on the slope under the action of gravity, and accumulation of grains at the toe of the mountain, forming a deposit fan. The Wenchuan earthquake, which occurred in Sichuan on May 12, 2008, caused thousands of avalanches and landslides and left scars on slopes and a huge area of bare rocks. Grain erosion causes flying stones, injured humans and resulted in numerous slope debris flows. The process of grain erosion and strategies to limit the erosion were studied by field investigations and field experiments. According to these field investigations and field studies, the most serious grain erosion occurs in spring and early summer when it is very dry. Rocks are broken down to grains under the action of insolation and temperature change. Then, wind blows the grains from the bare rock down slope. Experimental results showed that the amount of grains blown down by wind per area of rock surface per unit time is proportional to the fourth power of the wind speed. However, the size of the grains blown down by wind increases linearly with the wind speed. An experiment proved that grain erosion can be controlled with two moss species. Moss spores were mixed with clay suspension and splashed on bare rocks. The moss species germinated on the rock surface in one month and greened the bare rocks in two months. The moss layer protected the rocks from insolation and mitigated the effects of temperature change, thus effectively mitigated grain erosion.  相似文献   

Origin of native sulfur ball from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field offshore northeast Taiwan: Evidence from trace and rare earth element composition     

Zhigang Zeng  Chen-Tung A. Chen  Xuebo Yin  Xueying Zhang  Xiaoyuan Wang  Guoliang Zhang  Xiaomei Wang  Daigeng Chen 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(2):661-671

We first report the trace and rare earth element compositions of native sulfur ball with sulfur contents varying from 97.08 wt.% to 99.85 wt.% from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field, off NE Taiwan. We then discuss the sources of trace and rare earth elements incorporated into the native sulfur ball during formation. Comparison of our results with native sulfur from crater lakes and other volcanic areas shows the sulfur content of native sulfur ball from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field is very high, and that the rare earth element (REE) and trace element constituents of the native sulfur balls are very low (∑REE < 35 ppb). In the native sulfur ball, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Rb, Cs, Ba, Pb, Th, U, Al, Ti and REE are mostly derived from andesite; Mg, K and Mn are mostly derived from seawater; and Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni are partly derived from magma. Based on the sulfur contents, trace and rare earth element compositions, and local environment, we suggest that the growth of the native sulfur ball is significantly slower than that of native sulfur chimneys, which results in the relatively higher contents of trace and rare earth element contents in the native sulfur ball than in the native sulfur chimneys from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field. Finally, we suggest a “glue pudding” growth model for understanding the origin of the native sulfur ball in the Kueishantao hydrothermal field, whereby the native sulfur ball forms from a mixture of oxygenated seawater and acidic, low-temperature hydrothermal fluid with H₂S and SO₂ gases, and is subsequently shaped by tidal and/or bottom currents.  相似文献